Commandos For Mac Os

To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:

On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.

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Mac Os Terminal Commands

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

Command-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
Command-A: Select All items.
Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find window.
Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.
Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
Command-P: Print the current document.
Command-S: Save the current document.
Command-T: Open a new tab.
Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
Command–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols.
Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps.
Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.

Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject : Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down.
Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.

* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.

Finder and system shortcuts

Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.
Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
Command-J: Show View Options.
Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder.
Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window.
Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
Command key while dragging to another volume: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it.
Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.

Commands For Mac Os

Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.

Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
Command-K: Add a web link.
Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page.
Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
Control-F: Move one character forward.
Control-B: Move one character backward.
Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
Control-P: Move up one line.
Control-N: Move down one line.
Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.

Other shortcuts

For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another.

Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

Learn more

Commandos 2 Mac Os

Create your own shortcuts and resolve conflicts between shortcuts
Change the behavior of the function keys or modifier keys

This is a complete A- Z index of all Mac commands and the terminal events associated with those commands. We have compiled this list by using official sources and have explained more clearly and elaborately about each of them. We have also added two additional columns specifying whether or not the command is an inbuilt system one. The final column also displays the Mac version support for each of these commands.

IMPORTANT: If you are not an advanced user and have no knowledge on how to use the terminal commands, please do not try to experiment. These are meant for medium and advanced users ONLY.

Mac Commands For Terminal

Mac Terminal Commands – A to Z

Mac Shell Command

Command	InBuilt	Command Action and Event	All
alias	Yes	Creation of a Alias for current User	Yes
alloc	No	Free Memory is Listed	Yes
apropos	No	String search in What is database	NA
awk	No	Scan and overwrite Text inside file and files	NA
basename	No	Change full path name to path name	NA
bash	No	Bourne-Again Shell	NA
bg	Yes	Send to background	Yes
bind	Yes	Read line Key is displayed	Yes
bless	No	Assign Boot and start-up options	NA
break	Yes	Exit a redundant loop	Yes
builtin	Yes	Execute a built in shell command	Yes
bzip2	No	Compress and decompress a file	Yes
cal	No	The calendar is displayed	Yes
caller	Yes	Subroutine call context is returned	Yes
case	Yes	Conditional statement	Yes
cat	No	Append and Display file content	Yes
cd	Yes	Change current Directory	Yes
chflags	No	Change flags	NA
chgrp	No	Modify Group Ownership	NA
chmod	No	Change group permissions	NA
chown	No	Modify File owner and permissions	NA
chroot	No	Execute a command using another root directory	NA
cksum	No	Print and display checksum	NA
clear	No	Clear current terminal screen contents	NA
cmp	No	Simply compares two files	NA
comm	No	Line by line comparison of two sorted lines	Yes
command	Yes	Run or Execute a command	Yes
complete	Yes	Edit or modify completion of a command	Yes
continue	Yes	Resume a loop	Yes
cp	No	Copy Command	NA
cron	No	Run or Execute a prescheduled command	NA
crontab	No	Schedule command for execution after an assigned time	NA
csplit	No	Split a file into context-determined pieces	NA
curl	No	Upload or download data from a server	NA
cut	No	Cut a file into parts	Yes
date	No	Display or modify date time	Yes
dc	No	Display Desk Calculator	NA
dd	No	(Copy a file) Data Dump	NA
declare	Yes	Declare and assign attributes for a variable	Yes
defaults	No	Set visual preference options for hidden files	NA
df	No	Show unused disk space	Yes
diff	No	Show difference between two files	Yes
diff3	No	Show difference between three files	NA
dig	No	Command to lookup DNS details	NA
dirname	No	Convert full path name to path	NA
dirs	Yes	Display cached directories	Yes
diskutil	No	Disk utility command	Yes
disown	Yes	Remove a job from current session	Yes
ditto	No	Same as copy command	Yes
dot_clean	No	Remove dots and underscores from a context files	NA
drutil	No	Disk drive utility command	NA
dscacheutil	No	Flush DNS or cache	NA
dscl	No	Command-line utility for directory service	Yes
dseditgroup	No	Manage groups and users	Yes
dsenableroor	No	Command to enable root access for a terminal	NA
dsmemberutil	No	Show groups and users rights	NA
du	No	File space usage estimation	NA
echo	Yes	Display an entered message on the screen	Yes
ed	No	A text editor program	Yes
enable	Yes	Enable or disable system shell commands	Yes
env	No	Display or Modify environment variables	Yes
eval	Yes	Evaluate one or more commands or arguments	Yes
exec	Yes	Execute command	Yes
exit	Yes	Exit shell	Yes
expand	No	Expand a Tab	NA
expect	No	Pre assigned dialogue exchange for interactive programs	NA
export	Yes	Assign environment variable	Yes
expr	No	Evaluate an expression or set of expressions	Yes
fc	No	Fix command	NA
fdisk	No	Format disk command	NA
fg	Yes	Bring a job to front	Yes
file	No	Analyse file type	Yes
find	No	File search matching requested criteria	NA
fmt	No	Reformat Text in a paragraph	NA
fold	No	Wrap text to automatically adjust with working area	NA
for	Yes	Simple Loop command	Yes
fs_usage	No	File system display usage	Yes
fsactl	No	Enable or disable ACL support for File System	NA
fsck	No	Check and repair file systems	NA
ftp	No	FTP manager	NA
getfileinfo	No	Get file attributes	Yes
getopts	Yes	Parse the positional parameters	Yes
goto	No	Jump to an assigned point and then continue program execution	NA
grep	No	Search file with a certain pattern	NA
groups	No	Display a user’s group name	NA
gzip	No	Compress and decompress a file	Yes
halt	No	Shutdown and Restart the system	NA
hash	Yes	Refresh command cache and path names	Yes
hdiutil	No	Hard drive interface Utility Tool	Yes
head	No	Print first line from a text file	Yes
history	Yes	History Command	Yes
hostname	No	Display or modify System name	NA
iconv	No	Convert character set of file(s)	NA
id	No	Display user and group IDs	Yes
if	Yes	Conditional Command statement	Yes
info	No	Display help information	NA
install	No	Copy and assign attributes of a file	Yes
ipconfig	No	Configure network attributes and assign values	NA
jobs	Yes	List all currently active jobs	Yes
join	No	Join command	NA
kextfind	No	List the kernel extension	NA
kickstart	No	Configure and set Apple Remote Desktop properties	NA
kill	No	Terminate a process directly	Yes
l	No	List file in original long format	NA
last	No	Indicate last login information of a users and additional info	NA
launchctl	No	Launch daemons or agents	NA
less	No	Display output on screen accommodating data per window	NA
let	Yes	Evaluate an expression or set of expressions	Yes
lipo	No	Convert binary format	Yes
ll	No	List file in original long format, also display hidden files	Yes
ln	No	Interlink files	NA
local	Yes	Assign local variable	Yes
locate	No	Find a file or files	Yes
login	No	log-in your system	NA
logname	No	Display current users login name	NA
logout	Yes	Exit login shell	Yes
lpr	No	Print file or files	Yes
lprm	No	Remove queued print jobs	Yes
lpstat	No	Printer info and current status	Yes
ls	No	List a file information	NA
lsof	No	List currently opened files	NA
lsregister	No	Reset Launch Service database	NA
man	No	Display Help manual	Yes
mdfind	No	Spotlight search command	Yes
mdutil	No	Spotlight search command utility	Yes
mkdir	No	Create new directory	Yes
mkfifo	No	Build FIFOs	Yes
more	No	Display output data one screen at one time	NA
mount	No	Mount a file system	NA
mv	No	Cut or rename directories or files	NA
nano	No	Bring up text editor	Yes
net	No	Configure network resources	NA
netstat	No	Display network information	NA
networksetup	No	Assign network attributes	Yes
nice	No	Set command priority	NA
nohup	No	Hang-up a command	NA
ntfs.util	No	NTFS utility command	Yes
onintr	No	Control shell action	NA
open	No	Open up a file or location	NA
osacomplie	No	Command to Compile an Apple script	NA
osasdript	No	Execute an AppleScript	NA
passwd	No	Modify user password directly	Yes
paste	No	Merge lines from two or more files	Yes
pbcopy	No	Copy the data to clipboard	NA
pbpaste	No	Paste the data from Clipboard	NA
ping	No	Check a network connection	NA
pkgutil	No	Display or change Installed packages info	NA
plutil	No	Property list command utility	Yes
pmset	No	Configure Power Management settings	Playback for mac. Yes
popd	Yes	Restore previous value of current directory	Yes
pr	No	Modify Text files to print	Yes
printenv	No	Display all environment variables	Yes
printf	Yes	Print command	Yes
ps	No	Display Process status	Yes
pushd	No	Save and change current directory	NA
pwd	Yes	Print currently Working Directory	Yes
quota	No	Display disk limitation and usage	Yes
rcp	No	Copy files across machines/systems	Yes
read	Yes	Read first line from an output file	Yes
readonly	Yes	Assign read only attribute to a file/directory	Yes
reboot	Yes	Reboot a system	Yes
return	Yes	Exit Function	Yes
rev	No	Reverse file lines	NA
rm	No	Remove file(s)	NA
rmdir	No	Remove directory(ies)	Yes
rpm	No	Bring up Remote Package Manager tool	Yes
rsync	No	Remotely copy a file	NA
say	No	Text to speech conversion	NA
screen	No	Manage Multiplex terminal and run remote shells via ssh	NA
screencapture	No	Capture the screen image	Yes
sdiff	No	Merge or modify two files	Yes
security	No	Configure security options for a system	Yes
sed	No	Stream Editor Utility	NA
select	Yes	Display list of Items	Yes
set	Yes	Set shell variable	Yes
setfile	No	Set file attributes	NA
shift	Yes	Shift positional parameters	Yes
shopt	Yes	Configure shell options	Yes
shutdown	No	Shutdown/restart Mac OS X	NA
sleep	No	Sleep after an assigned time frame	Yes
softwareupdate	No	Software Update Command	Yes
sort	No	Sort the text files	Yes
source	Yes	Execute command from file	Yes
split	No	Split files into like sized pieces	NA
stop	No	Stop a process or currently running job	NA
su	No	Substitute a user identity	Yes
sudo	No	Execute command as some other user	Yes
sum	No	Print checksum value for a file	NA
suspend	Yes	Suspend shell execution	Yes
sw_vers	No	Print Mac Operating System version	NA
system_profiler	No	Report a system configuration	Yes
tail	No	Display the last lines from a file	NA
tar	No	Archiver Utility	Yes
tcpdump	No	Network Traffic dump	NA
tee	No	Redirect multiple file output	NA
test	Yes	Conditional evaluation	Yes
textutil	No	Modify Text file formats	NA
time	No	Calculate Program Resource Usage	Yes
times	Yes	Print shell along with shell process time	Yes
top	No	Display process related information	Yes
touch	No	Change the file timestamps info	Yes
tr	No	Modify Characters or delete them	NA
traceroute	No	Display Trace Route path to assigned host name	NA
trap	Yes	Execute command when shell receives signal	Yes
tty	No	Print terminal filename on stdin	NA
type	Yes	Describe command name and type	Yes
ufs.util	No	Mount or unmount a UFS file system	NA
ulimit	Yes	Limit system resources usage	Yes
unalias	Yes	Delete an alias	Yes
unamask	No	Mask User file creation	NA
uname	No	Print System Info	Yes
unexpand	No	Space to tab converter	Yes
uniq	No	Uniquify the files	Yes
units	No	Unit scale converter command	NA
unmount	No	Unmount a mounted device	NA
unset	Yes	Remove function or variable names	Yes
until	Yes	Loop command	Yes
uptime	No	Display System Runtime information	NA
users	No	Print all username of the current session	NA
uucp	No	Unix to Unix copy command	Yes
uudecode	No	Decode a file	NA
uuencode	No	Encode a file	NA
vi	No	Visual Text Editor	Yes
wait	Yes	Wait for process completion	Yes
whatis	No	Search what is database	NA
where	No	Report all command instances	NA
while	Yes	Loop command	Yes
who	No	Print all names of the users of the current session	NA
whoami	No	Display or Print current username and info details	NA
write	No	Send a user a message	NA
xargs	No	Execute utility by passing arguments	Yes
yes	No	Print a string value until and unless interrupted by a user	NA

Foot note: N/A – Data not available.

If you feel this list lacks any particular command which has been recently added to the Mac terminal, you can improve this article by mentioning it in the comment section.