The brilliant retelling of the Wars of the Roses continues with Bloodline, the gripping third novel in the new series from historical fiction master Conn Iggulden. Winter 1461: Richard, duke of York, is dead—his ambitions in ruins, his head spiked on the walls of the city. War of the Roses was an action hack and slash video game developed by Fatshark and released by Paradox Interactive.The game was set during the Wars of the Roses which took place in England during the 15th century. It was released on 2 October 2012. War of the Roses was well received for its extensive customisation enabling character configurations to be tailored to very specific tastes and for. Wars of the Roses in the turn-based strategy game about the internecine war for the throne of England. Exactly in the middle ages have decided who would rule the.
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Wars of the Roses, (1455–85), in English history, the series of dynastic civil wars whose violence and civil strife preceded the strong government of the Tudors. Fought between the houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne, the wars were named many years afterward from the supposed badges of the contending parties: the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster.
How did the Wars of the Roses get their name?
The Wars of the Roses were fought between the houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne. The wars were named many years afterward from the supposed badges of the contending parties: the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster. Both houses claimed the throne through descent from the sons of Edward III.
What caused the Wars of the Roses?
In the mid-15th century great magnates with private armies dominated the English countryside. Lawlessness was rife and taxation burdensome. Henry VI experienced spells of madness and was dominated by his queen, Margaret of Anjou. In 1453, when Henry lapsed into insanity, a powerful baronial clique installed Richard, duke of York, as protector of the realm. Henry recovered in 1455, reestablishing the authority of Margaret’s party. York took up arms, starting the Wars of the Roses.
How were the Wars of the Roses finally resolved?
Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) defeated and killed Richard III at Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, bringing the Wars of the Roses to a close. By his marriage to Edward IV’s daughter Elizabeth of York in 1486, Henry united the Yorkist and Lancastrian claims. Henry defeated a Yorkist rising supporting the pretender Lambert Simnel on June 16, 1487, a date that some historians prefer over the traditional 1485 for the termination of the wars.
Competing claims to the throne and the beginning of civil war
Both houses claimed the throne through descent from the sons of Edward III. Since the Lancastrians had occupied the throne from 1399, the Yorkists might never have pressed a claim but for the near anarchy prevailing in the mid-15th century. After the death of Henry V in 1422 the country was subject to the long and factious minority of Henry VI (August 1422–November 1437), during which the English kingdom was managed by the king’s council, a predominantly aristocratic body. That arrangement, which probably did not accord with Henry V’s last wishes, was not maintained without difficulty. Like Richard II before him, Henry VI had powerful relatives eager to grasp after power and to place themselves at the head of factions in the state. The council soon became their battleground.
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Great magnates with private armies dominated the countryside. Lawlessness was rife and taxation burdensome. Henry later proved to be feckless and simpleminded, subject to spells of madness, and dominated by his ambitious queen, Margaret of Anjou, whose party had allowed the English position in France to deteriorate.
Between 1450 and 1460 Richard, 3rd duke of York, had become the head of a great baronial league, of which the foremost members were his kinsmen, the Nevilles, the Mowbrays, and the Bourchiers. Among his principal lieutenants was his nephew Richard Neville, the earl of Warwick, a powerful man in his own right, who had hundreds of adherents among the gentry scattered over 20 counties. In 1453, when Henry lapsed into insanity, a powerful baronial clique, backed by Warwick, installed York, as protector of the realm. When Henry recovered in 1455, he reestablished the authority of Margaret’s party, forcing York to take up arms for self-protection. The first battle of the wars, at St. Albans (May 22, 1455), resulted in a Yorkist victory and four years of uneasy truce.
A new phase of the civil war began in 1459 when York, goaded by the queen’s undisguised preparations to attack him, rebelled for the last time. The Yorkists were successful at Blore Heath (September 23) but were scattered after a skirmish at Ludford Bridge (October 12). York fled to Ireland, and the Lancastrians, in a packed parliament at Coventry (November 1459), obtained a judicial condemnation of their opponents and executed those on whom they could lay hands.
From then on the struggle was bitter. Both parties laid aside their scruples and struck down their opponents without mercy. The coldblooded and calculated ferocity that now entered English political life certainly owed something to the political ideas of the Italian Renaissance, but, arguably, it was also in part a legacy of the lawless habits acquired by the nobility during the Hundred Years’ War.
In France Warwick regrouped the Yorkist forces and returned to England in June 1460, decisively defeating the Lancastrian forces at Northampton (July 10). York tried to claim the throne but settled for the right to succeed upon the death of Henry. That effectively disinherited Henry’s son, Prince Edward, and caused Queen Margaret to continue her opposition.
Gathering forces in northern England, the Lancastrians surprised and killed York at Wakefield in December and then marched south toward London, defeating Warwick on the way at the Second Battle of St. Albans (February 17, 1461). Meanwhile, York’s eldest son and heir, Edward, had defeated a Lancastrian force at Mortimer’s Cross (February 2) and marched to relieve London, arriving before Margaret on February 26. The young duke of York was proclaimed King Edward IV at Westminster on March 4. Then Edward, with the remainder of Warwick’s forces, pursued Margaret north to Towton. There, in the bloodiest battle of the war, the Yorkists won a complete victory. Henry, Margaret, and their son fled to Scotland. The first phase of the fighting was over, except for the reduction of a few pockets of Lancastrian resistance.
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- 1455 - 1485
- location
- participants
- key people
- The Yorkists were related to female relatives of Edward III's second and fourth sons, whereas the Lancastrians were connected to Edward through his third son.
- Margaret of Anjou reportedly once let her 7-year-old son pick the manner in which two captured Yorkists would be executed; he chose beheading.
- The Battle of Towton during the Wars of the Roses was one of the deadliest battles ever fought in England.
The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles that took place in England from 1455 to 1485. The fighting was between two families that claimed the right to the throne—the House of York and the House of Lancaster. They were called the Wars of the Roses because the symbol of each house was a rose. The House of York was represented by a white rose. The House of Lancaster was represented by a red rose.
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Edward III was king of England from 1327 to 1377. After his death, his many children and their descendants argued over who should rule England. The descendants eventually were split into the Yorks and the Lancasters.
Henry VI, a Lancaster, became king in 1422. Henry was not a strong ruler. However, his queen, Margaret of Anjou, was very influential. During Henry’s reign the laws were not enforced, which made life unpleasant for many people. The government also insisted that the people pay a lot of taxes.
In 1453 Henry became mentally sick and could not rule effectively. Richard, duke of York, then became the temporary ruler of England. After Henry recovered, Richard did not want to give up his power. This led to the first battle between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians, at Saint Albans on May 22, 1455. Richard and the Yorkists won.
There was an uneasy peace until 1459. Battles were fought during 1459 and 1460. Lancastrians surprised and killed Richard in December 1460. Richard’s son Edward was proclaimed King Edward IV on March 4, 1461. Edward IV pursued the Lancastrians to Towton, where the bloodiest battle of the war took place. The Yorkists won. Henry, Margaret, and their son fled to Scotland.
The Yorkists then began to argue among themselves. Edward IV’s brother George rebelled against Edward’s rule. Supporters of George fought with supporters of Edward. George fled to France in 1470. He became partners with the former queen, Margaret of Anjou. They returned to England, forced Edward to flee to the Netherlands, and put Henry VI back on the throne. However, Edward returned in 1471. He defeated the queen and king and killed their son. Edward IV became king once again. He held the throne until he died in 1483. Computer Games Free For Mac - Video Results.
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After Edward’s death, his brother Richard III claimed the throne. He declared that Edward’s son, Edward V, did not have the right to be king. Edward V’s supporters turned to Henry Tudor, a Lancaster. Henry and his forces defeated and killed Richard III at Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485. This battle ended the Wars of the Roses.
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Henry Tudor was crowned Henry VII on October 30, 1485. He united the York and Lancaster houses by marrying Edward IV’s daughter Elizabeth of York in 1486. This began the reign of the House of Tudor.